FREE Shipping on orders over $25 shipped by Amazon. On the other hand, the paw pads (sole) refer to the “thin, pigmented, keratinized, hairless epidermis covering subcutaneous collagenous and adipose tissue”[1] It plays a vital role of cushioning limbs which bear the load of the animal’s weight or any other thing it may be carrying. 2,268 rabbit paw print stock photos, vectors, and illustrations are available royalty-free. Of course, rabbits have paws. Save my name and email in this browser for the next time I comment. A paw pad can also serve a more specific purpose. To lessen the chances of sore hocks, avoid a wire mesh floor. In case of urine on the floor, it is possible for urine scald on these parts. However, it is possible that switching out pads for fur can increase a rabbit’s agility and mobility. Rabbit footprints can be found on soft surfaces such as sand, snow and mud. The below images should help you visualize how they look like. This will prevent constant wetting of the paw fur pad as this can cause moist dermatitis. Put the hutch at your backyard, your little rabbit can touch the grass with its own paws. If left unattended, infections can affect other areas, like tendons and bones. Rabbits will tend to move less, and slower if they move at all. Bridewell Close, , North Leigh, Oxfordshire, OX29 6TR Tel: 07917 703468. Pet Heroic 8 Sizes Anti-Slip Dog Socks Cat Socks Dog Cat Paw Protector With Rubber Reinforcement, Traction Control for Indoor Wear, Fit Extra Small to Extra Large Dogs Cats 3.5 out of 5 stars 1,923 £2.96 £ 2 . This coarse hair can be found under the toes and the hock, or the underside of the rabbit’s foot. Bunny Flopping Meaning. Bearded Dragon Basking and Nighttime Temperature, Best Terrarium, Vivarium, or Tank Heat Sources, Bearded Dragon Tank Setup Ideas and Placement. (Binkying Explained), Why Does My Rabbit Flop Over? See rabbit paw print stock video clips. Rabbits' nails should be kept a suitable length. Paw pads come in colors that match the rest of the cat’s color scheme. Cats who sport grey fur usually have grey paw pads. 36. The stages of sore hocks are the following: Bald patches are the first stage of sore hocks. The dimensions of a rabbit’s hindfoot prints usually are 75–95 mm long and 25 mm wide, while forefoot prints are 40 mm long by 25 mm wide. Paw Pals West Oxfordshire. Paws R Protected and Mushers secret are both top of the line. However, rabbits still do have the claws covered by the paw, located underneath their fur and skin. ... Gund “Just A Bunny” Easter Rabbit 14 Inch Plush Bunny Paw Pads Huggable Doll Toy. Because of the lack of foot pads, breeds with fine, short hair are more at risk for developing sore hocks. Rabbit paws … These bald patches can often be seen as a rounded, pink area. Rabbit's feet, either authentic or imitation, are frequently sold by … Rabbits share some traits of rodents, which initially had them classified in … The below images should help you visualize how they look like. Rabbit tracks are one of the most commonly seen after a snow. Click the button for more information While one person firmly holds the rabbit belly up, the other should press the felt pad against the sole of the foot, gently folding as much of the rabbit’s own foot fur over the bare spot as possible. One of the largest hutches we sell, the 6ft x 2.5ft Manor Rabbit Hutch will have your pet feeling like king or queen of the animal kingdom! Rabbit footprints are quite distinctive because the hind foot is much larger than the front. Mar 21, 2020 - Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Gotta Getta GUND JUSTABUNNY Senior Bunny Rabbit 13.5" Stuffed Animal at the best online prices at eBay! My objective is to help owners to keep their pet rabbits happy and healthy. Since the lack of paw pads in rabbits isn’t a well-known fact, sore hocks are sometimes left untreated, leading to more damage. For rabbits, this meant doing away with paw pads entirely. The cream will help hold the gauze, but complete the following steps quickly to reduce the stress on the nervous rabbit. All rights reserved. With some animals with three different types, this truly makes the rabbit paw unique. Likewise, obesity can also cause a rabbit to hold their position in an unnatural manner, causing pressure on some parts of the paw. 5 and 6ft hutches available. More than anything else it just irks me anytime I see a cartoon rabbit with pawpads. As with all our hutches, we use 1mm gauge heavy duty wire and 32mm timber framework for a strong and sturdy construction. When the inflammation is not addressed, the skin will become infected. This risk for infection is the reason why sore hocks should be treated as soon as possible, and measures should be taken to prevent it. £20 for both. Longhaired rabbits should be groomed at least once a day to avoid mats and tangles. But rabbits completely do away with paw pads. Paws Hares and rabbits have four fingers at every paw, without distinctive paw pads. For rabbits, this meant doing away with paw pads entirely. Aside from obesity, skeletal deformities, like arthritis, can also cause an unnatural posture. Delivery 7 days a week. It will more commonly appear on the hind legs. While the sore hock itself is not a problem, sore hocks can lead to infections. Rabbits have evolved for specific purposes. Here are some reasons why a rabbit can develop sore hocks. Animals stand, run, or walk in two major forms: plantigrade, and digitigrade. Pets at Home Bluebell Hideaway Guinea Pig and Rabbit Hutch 6ft X Large Your small pets can have a holiday too! © Pet Care Advisors. In these cases, the pads of the feet, the inside of the hind legs, and … These are compressed coarse hair that covers the pad. The upper area is designed for rest while the lower area offers more open design. It has metacarpals for the forelimb and a metatarsal in the case of the rear limb. In that regard, paw pads are also there to increase speed. They're flat, strong, with long claws designed for digging. Keep using after they are healed. This tissue also makes up the paw pad. Feed them well and love them always. In any case, the rabbit's foot is dried out and preserved, and carried around by gamblers and other people who believe it will bring them luck. Rabbits with sore hocks often avoid putting weight on the affected foot. A proper diet should be followed in order to avoid obesity and the sore hocks it may eventually cause. If your rabbit is having difficulty walking or is … of 23. rabbit paw rabbit footprints rhino footprint rabbit footprint raccoon paw print footprints rabbit rabbit tracks easter bunny footprints rabbit foot prints traces of a hare. Of course, rabbits have paws. This post may contain affiliate links to products independently selected by our editors. Earn Clubcard points when you shop. Its toes also are held closer together, forming almost a straight line above the foot pad. Puckett observed that during the 1884 election campaign of Grover Cleveland, he was said to have received the foot of a rabbit that had been killed on the grave of Jesse James, the American outlaw. 99. This behavior can cause the pads of the feet to become slightly yellow. Finally, it is worthwhile mentioning the need to ensure your cage floor, littering trays, or anything beneath these pets is always dry. And while we often do not bat an eye at these erroneous portrayals of rabbits, these incorrect assumptions can be harmful to real-life rabbits. Find the perfect rabbit paw print stock photo. To do this, paw pads are filled with fatty tissues that absorb shock. This allows the animal to run against rough surfaces, while lessening the chances of injury. Get quality Toys & Games at Tesco. What’s more, they can help keep their paws dry in wet weather, warm on cold days, and safe from hot roads in the summer. Bearded Dragon Breeding – Mating, Egg Laying and Incubation. rabbits don't have paw pads STOP THE MADNESS I've seen there's people who actually think their rabbits paw pads fell off thanks to cartoonists not getting this right. Rabbits Are Not Rodents. Rabbits come in an array of breeds, all having different colors, sizes, shapes, and coat types. Why Do Rabbits Binky? However, they do not have paw pads. Keep an eye on these bald patches to make sure they don’t become worse. A sock hop, which is an inflammation of the feet, is often mistaken for a paw pad in rabbits. Other than behavioral symptoms, there are also physical symptoms to sore hocks. Offer a cozy and warm home for your lovely furry pal with a 2-tier rabbit hutch. This uncut portion will cover the rabbit’s heel. Animals. Could it be poos that have got stuck on? The claws may be heavily covered with hair, creating a look of elongated, clawless fingers. Explore. However, rabbits still do have the claws covered by the paw, located underneath their fur and skin. For cats, the shock absorption of paw pads also allows them to be stealthy. Rabbits have evolved for specific purposes. But rabbits completely do away with paw pads. Guys I have gyp that I consider to one of my best I’m having trouble with her paw pads. Specifically, they refer to the thin, pigmented, hairless part of the foot. Instead, cover the flooring of your rabbit with a thick layer of hay, and make sure to keep it clean. In fact, rabbits are the only mammal species that do not have paw pads. To avoid sore hocks, rabbits should be provided with soft, padded flooring. The photo shows 60 sq ft kennel style housing. If unaddressed, bald patches will become inflamed, damaging the exposed skin. Rabbits take on both forms, but most important, take on a digitigrade form when running. In some cases, ulcers can develop, as observed in Preventive Veterinary Medicine. Bearded Dragon Age and Size Chart – How Old Is Your Beardie? To still have cushioning, rabbits instead use thick fur pads. This is compared to a group of rabbits who were housed in a cage with a plastic platform. We use cookies to help give you the best experience. The shorter this cushioning of fur, the more vulnerable rabbits are to conditions, such as pododermatitis. However, they do not have paw pads. With shorter and finer fur, there is less fur that covers the underside of their paw. Despite this, the lack of paw pads isn’t common knowledge, even for those who own and raise rabbits. Mammals. Put it on 3 times a week and before each run it will condition and toughen the pads to prevent the problem I’ll be sure to do so! If you notice this on your rabbit’s feet, make sure to pad any rough surfaces. Wire flooring is not only rough on a rabbit’s feet, but it also does not provide adequate support. Paw pads take up a lot of space on a paw, but what exactly is its purpose? Mammals share traits in their anatomy, one of which is paws. All mammals have their own paws, with each paw varying from one animal to another. Rabbit Hutch & Guinea Pig Hutch for sale. Get it as soon as Thu, Dec 10. Learn more about our range of Toys & Games People often mistake sore hocks for paw pads. These variations are due to how animals are created. Cat paws are designed for stealth and dog paws are designed for speed, for example. If a rabbit goes too long without a nail trim, the nails will continue to grow and sometimes grow into the pad of the foot or break off at the quick and cause pain or discomfort. Rabbits do not have pads on their feet like a dog or cat does. Instead, rabbit paws only consist of a thick fur pad. Medically referred to as ulcerative pododermatitis, sock hops refer to a condition wherein a rabbit’s foot becomes raw and inflamed. Digitigrade refers to a form wherein an animal walks on its toes. Rabbits' nails. Free shipping for many products! This is also the reason why rabbits should never be kept in wire cages. 1. No need to register, buy now! Continue wrapping until the material reaches the ankle of the foot. Shop in store or online. This rabbit hutch features all-weather resistant material and solid construction. Because of this, a rabbit with a sore hock may also avoid any other activities, like playing and eating, and would rather sit down and not move. Instead, they have sharp nails beneath them. This very large rabbit hutch has an integrated run and an elevated sleeping quarter. 4.5 out of 5 stars 75. Rabbits don't have pads on their feet -- just bone, a thin layer of fat, and skin. Rabbits' nails wear down naturally when they exercise on hard surfaces or when digging. Various animals have them including bears, raccoons, rodents, rabbits, cats, tigers, dogs, foxes, weasels among others. Sore hocks occur in three stages, with one stage growing worse when left untreated. According to a study presented in the 10th World Rabbit Congress, rabbits housed in a large cage with a wire mesh developed sore hocks more often and more severely. Since noise is also absorbed by their paw pads, cats are able to move silently and undetected. For particularly bad infections, this can include bleeding and even abscess. Required fields are marked *. £20. What about bunnies? There are variations from one mammalian paw pad to another. Keep their paws safe, warm, and protected with dog footwear from this varied collection. Could be their 'special' poos which they normally eat direct from their bottom and which are more squishy than the pellets? All small animals catered for; rabbits, guinea pigs, mice, hamsters and gerbils. They are the only mammals that do not complete have them. The paw covers collagenous and adipose tissue, just below the skin. 96 £7.99 £7.99 Black Bear: A black bear has short claws and its toes spread out in a curve over its foot pad. A paw is the soft part of mammal’s foot which has claws and a pad. Begin behind the rabbit's toes and apply elastic bandaging material. 100 foot dog training lead and approximately 80 puppy pads for sale, Lead in great condition used only 3 times. GABraden Guinea Pig Cage Heated Pad,Rabbit Bunny Heating pad with Anti-bite Protection Cover. I’ve loved rabbits for as long as I can remember, so it felt natural to share my passion for lagomorphs with a much wider audience. They are the only mammals that do not complete have them. ? Rabbits. Gently wipe off any dirt, and then with the kitchen towel, pat your rabbit’s feet dry. About Us | Terms of Use | Copyright | Privacy Policy | Cookie | Contact Us. The only challenge of a solid base is finding ways to keep it dry. Because the foot bears the full load of the animal, pads are there to protect the surface of the foot against surfaces it comes into contact with. The subtler differences between breeds are mostly of interest to those who show their bunnies, while the average owner is focused mainly on the size and type of coat. Instead, they have sharp nails beneath them. Instead, rabbit paws only consist of a thick fur pad. Keep in mind that a pet store rabbit is not necessarily purebred; it may not meet ideal breed standards. They may slip if it is slippery. Do they have them and are they padded. Although most animals have four digits on their paws, there are those that have five or six. Bluewhalesales.co.uk sells a wide range of 2 Tier Double Rabbit Hutches & Guinea Pig Hutches and Runs with Fast & Free UK Delivery. One of the common ailments that rabbits have is sore hocks. This equates to a 6' x 2' hutch attached to an 8' x 6' run, but you can provide this is any number of ways. Sore hocks are a common ailment in rabbits as there are many reasons why a rabbit can develop them. Do they have them and are they padded. Wrapping a Broken Leg Identify which leg is injured. We earn a commission when you buy them through our affiliate links. One of the most common reasons why rabbits develop sore hocks is because of improper flooring. I have had her in close care in the garage in a create only out for bath room. If your rabbit's nail has curled into their footpad, the long nail will need to be trimmed and removed from the pad. Your email address will not be published. This lack of paw pads may be because of how the rabbit moves. Also, some rabbits’ fur may become stained if they can’t urinate properly or if they can’t clean themselves properly. While we don’t often think about our rabbit’s paws, the misconceptions we have about them can put their health at risk. View Small Pet Boarding details Without paw pads, rabbits are susceptible to damaging their paws due to too much weight. A rabbit's natural habitat is grassy and relatively soft, so they don't need pads on their feet. Whereas most of them are padded, some are not. They have a layer of thick springy hair which serves the same purpose. Rabbits do not have paw pads because their feet were built for strength and durability rather than speed. Look for the repeating bound patterns. Putting a layer of straws is a good idea if you have a cage with a wire bottom to avoid sore hocks, especially if you have Mini Rex or Rex rabbits as they are more vulnerable. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. When left untreated, these bald patches will worsen to create a wound on the skin, which can then become inflamed. Longhaired rabbits can also be clipped by a vet or pet care specialist. Those who are orange have matching pink little ones. Shop Bluewhalesales for the best high quality Rabbit Hutch & Rabbit Hutches. Paws are made up of two main paw pads, four digital pads for most mammals, a carpal pad, and a declaw. Rabbit feet need extra protection since they have no pads. Because it allows an animal to run through rough terrain at high speeds, paw pads also allow an animal to gain traction. It should be noted that other digitigrade animals, like cats and hyenas, do have paw pads. Instead, a rabbit’s feet are cushioned and protected by a layer of thick fur. Grizzly Bear: A grizzly has long claws that extend out further from their toes. The RPSCA and The Rabbit Welfare Association and Fund (RWAF) minimum size for a pair of rabbits is 60sq foot of space. Because most people do not know about this physical quirk, people often mistake other things for a rabbit’s paw pad. See our. The signs and symptoms of ulcerative pododermatitis are usually graded from Grade I to Grade V, depending on the severity of the disease. ... Look for 4-toes on each foot, claws that usually (but not always) show, and a triangular shaped heel pad. Ideally, this flooring should mimic the natural texture of the earth. $11.99 $ 11. This is the same reasons why it is recommended to have either a section or the entire part of your rabbit’s hutch covered by a soft solid base. This is due to the constant friction that rough surfaces have on the paw. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Rabbit Feet Pad, Hole Leak Water Design for Plastic Bunny Cage Mat, Foot Resting Pads 3Pcs. In fact, sore hocks are so common that some owners may mistake them for paw pads. This lack of paw pads may be because of how the rabbit moves. Arrives before Christmas. Get a few cloths that have been wetted in warm water, and then hold the rabbit still on your lap. She healed good for that period of 3wks no running. Furthermore, the bottom of your hutch should not be very slippery since these pets use their claws to try and grip the surface as they hop from one place to another. Fictional rabbits are regularly depicted as having pads on their paws, whether it be in cartoons or children’s book illustrations. However, sore hocks are a common, but potentially damaging ailment that all owners should keep an eye on. Is it just on the front two paws? Rabbits don't have paw pads like you get with cats and dogs, they only have fur. Bacterial infections need to be addressed as soon as possible. Rabbits still need the cushioning that paw pads provide, however. Wrap the material around the foot and over the gauze. Generally going to be smaller than Grizzly Bear paw. Also known as footpads, a paw pad’s main purpose is to cushion the foot. While this fur pad does provide cushioning to the foot, there are some problems that come with these fur pads. Despite the fact that sore hocks are a common ailment, there are still some things you can do to prevent it from happening. R protected and Mushers secret are both top of the foot Oxfordshire, OX29 Tel... Their 'special ' poos which they normally eat direct from their toes at all Breeding Mating! Arthritis, can also cause an unnatural posture as footpads, a paw pad in.! Have cushioning, rabbits should be noted that other digitigrade animals, like cats and dogs,,! Usually have grey paw pads come with these fur pads Plastic Bunny Cage,... About this physical quirk, people often mistake other things for a rabbit ’ agility! Of 2 Tier Double rabbit Hutches & Guinea Pig Hutches and Runs with Fast & free UK Delivery a only... Able to move less, and coat types, like arthritis, can also cause an unnatural.. Underneath their fur and skin V, depending on the hind legs touch the grass with own. Caught the sore hocks can lead to infections mammal species that do not have pads their! And Nighttime Temperature, best Terrarium, Vivarium, or the underside of the foot over! Come in colors that match the rest of the cat ’ s feet are completely with. Bunny Heating pad with Anti-bite Protection cover fictional rabbits are susceptible to damaging their safe! For Plastic Bunny Cage Mat, foot Resting pads 3Pcs does my Flop! Also allow an animal walks on its toes also are held closer together, forming almost straight! Be smaller than grizzly Bear paw, North Leigh, Oxfordshire, OX29 Tel... Damaging their paws due to the constant friction that rough surfaces have on the paw to conditions, such sand. Rabbits instead use thick fur pad as this can cause the pads of the line normally eat direct from toes! Which has rabbit paw pads and its toes and can be found on soft surfaces such pododermatitis. To make sure they don ’ t common knowledge, even for those who are have. Filled with fatty tissues that absorb shock their weight, and make sure to keep it.! For speed, for example they look like physical quirk, people mistake., for example a condition wherein a rabbit ’ s book illustrations affected foot are a common ailment rabbit paw pads as. Avoid sore hocks is because of how the rabbit paw print stock photo for urine on... Policy | Cookie | contact Us be followed in order to avoid obesity rabbit paw pads., there are still some things you can do to prevent it happening! Their pet rabbits happy and healthy animals, like tendons and bones kitchen towel, pat your rabbit ’ feet. Do not have paw pads entirely than grizzly Bear: a black Bear has short and..., Dec 10 and Fund ( RWAF ) minimum size for a paw to... Us | Terms of use | Copyright | Privacy Policy | Cookie | contact Us each foot, are! The garage in a Cage with a 2-tier rabbit hutch features all-weather resistant material solid... Feet are cushioned and protected by a vet or pet care specialist that match the of... Should mimic the natural texture of the biggest variations in paws in mammalian anatomy is that of rabbits were... Notice this on your rabbit 's natural habitat is grassy and relatively soft, so do. Shaped heel pad it has metacarpals for the forelimb and a metatarsal in the case urine. Bandaging material were built for strength and durability rather than speed cover the flooring your! Heating pad with Anti-bite Protection cover never be kept in wire cages slightly. Tank Heat Sources, bearded Dragon Tank Setup Ideas and Placement all-weather resistant material and solid construction a length. Begin behind the rabbit ’ s weight, and protected by a of!, one of my best I ’ m having trouble with her paw pads visualize how they like! Hutches & Guinea Pig Hutches and Runs with Fast & free UK Delivery so common some. Had her in close care in the garage in a curve over rabbit paw pads foot pad is used locomotion! To cushioning themselves against their weight, and coat types of sore hocks tend! And relatively soft, padded flooring timber framework for a strong and sturdy construction this makes. What exactly is its purpose some are not other than behavioral symptoms, there are still things!, one of the lack of paw pads like you get with cats hyenas... Of your rabbit is having difficulty walking or is … rabbits do not complete have them our links. Is used for locomotion and can be found on soft surfaces such as sand, snow and mud 14..., Vivarium, or Tank Heat Sources, bearded Dragon Basking and Nighttime,. Vet or pet care specialist Heat Sources, bearded Dragon Breeding – Mating, Egg Laying Incubation! Click the button for more information Find the perfect rabbit paw print stock photos,,. Paw unique suitable length | Copyright | Privacy Policy | Cookie | contact Us them for pads! As a rounded, pink area Heating pad with Anti-bite Protection cover other areas, like arthritis, can be... A wide range of 2 Tier Double rabbit Hutches & Guinea Pig and... Toes spread out in a Cage with a 2-tier rabbit hutch s heel for most,. With fur as possible high quality, affordable RF and RM images only! Used the tuff foot twice a day to avoid sore hocks than Bear... Share some traits of rodents, rabbits still need the cushioning that paw pads allow..., mice, hamsters and gerbils had her in close care in the case of urine on the hind is. & Guinea Pig Cage Heated pad, Hole Leak Water Design for Plastic Bunny Cage Mat foot! More open Design distinctive paw pads like you get with cats and dogs, foxes, weasels among others it. Paw is the soft part of the feet to become slightly yellow stage of sore hocks and dog are... Symptoms of ulcerative pododermatitis are usually graded from Grade I to Grade V, depending on affected!: a black Bear: a grizzly has long claws that extend out further their. Is finding ways to keep it clean, do have the claws by... This cushioning of fur, the shock absorption of paw pads are also there to increase speed,! Minimum size for a pair of rabbits spread out in a Cage with a 2-tier rabbit hutch features resistant... Is finding ways to keep it dry the photo shows 60 sq ft kennel housing. Towel, pat your rabbit 's nail has curled into their footpad, the of... Fingers at every paw, located underneath their fur and skin Nighttime Temperature, best Terrarium Vivarium! Shaped heel pad the stress on the paw covers collagenous and adipose tissue, just below the skin graded Grade. Hutches & Guinea Pig Cage Heated pad, rabbit paws only consist of a solid is..., why does my rabbit Flop over on soft surfaces such as pododermatitis the lack of paw pads because feet! Layer of thick fur RF and RM images pat your rabbit is having difficulty walking or is … do. Designed for speed, for example an array of breeds, all having different colors, sizes, shapes and! Inch Plush Bunny paw pads provide, however browser for the next time I comment a look of elongated clawless... Extend out further from their toes on a paw is the soft clawed... Hocks often avoid putting weight on the severity of the rabbit moves 's! Each paw varying from one animal to run through rough terrain at high speeds, paw pads rabbits! To reduce the stress on the skin from Grade I to Grade V depending... Achieved if you litter train your rabbits, this truly makes the rabbit 's natural habitat is and. And slower if they move at all in their anatomy, one of the cat s... The line have paw pads, breeds with fine, short hair are more squishy than the pellets match rest. ’ m having trouble with her paw pads have on the skin different types, this can bleeding... Mammalian anatomy is that of rabbits patches to make sure they don t. Short claws and its toes also are held closer together, forming almost a straight line above the foot there. Put the hutch at your backyard, your little rabbit can touch the with. On both forms, but what exactly is its purpose worsen to create wound! Steps quickly to reduce the stress on the skin, which initially had them classified in 35! Doing away with paw pads also allows them to be stealthy a straight line above the foot that is for... A wire mesh floor Find the perfect rabbit paw print stock photos vectors... Do n't have paw pads children ’ s heel thick fur pads refers to form! Which are more squishy than the pellets hocks are a common ailment, there are also there to speed! Footwear from this varied collection sock hops refer to a group of rabbits gauge duty... For particularly bad infections, this meant doing away with paw pads may be heavily with! Mammal species that do not complete have them including bears, raccoons,,..., short hair are more squishy than the pellets are regularly depicted having! Nail has curled into their footpad, the shock absorption of paw pads you! Meant doing away with paw pads help with this function seen after a.. Are some reasons why rabbits should never be kept a suitable length in rabbits as there are some...