germanium is a metalloid

It is prepared in crystalline (a extremely hard and brittle solid) or amorphous form. Mendeleev theorized that there were several elements yet to be discovered, including element No. Germanium is a chemical element with symbol Ge and atomic number 32. An X-ray photon absorbed by the material excites a number of electrons from its valence band to the conduction band. Germanium is an example of a(n) A) metalloid B) alkali metal C) nonmetal D) noble gas E) transition element. Germanium (a metalloid with the atomic number 32) is named after Germany and was one of the elements whose existence on the periodic table was predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev. Purified germanium is a semiconductor, with an appearance most similar to elemental silicon. In its metallic form, germanium is silver in color, hard, and brittle. Examples of metalloid in a sentence, how to use it. n. 1. Germanium (Ge) is considered a critical element due to its many industrial applications; Ge is a metalloid used in solar cells, fiber optics, metallurgy, chemotherapy, and polymerization catalysis. The study discusses the high efficiency of germanium photodetectors when used in the visible and near infrared spectra of light. It is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors tin and silicon. Named for the country of Germany, germanium is not considered a metal, despite its metallic grayish-white appearance. Properties: Germanium has a melting point of 937.4 C, boiling point of 2830 C, specific gravity of 5.323 (25 C), with valences of 2 and 4. Which element is a metalloid See answer laayan18 is waiting for your help. Metalloid germanium belongs to the carbon family and shows similarity with neighboring elements silicon and tin. As nouns the difference between metalloid and semimetal is that metalloid is (chemistry) an element, such as silicon or germanium, intermediate in properties between that of a metal and a nonmetal; especially one that exhibits the external characteristics of a metal, but behaves chemically more as a nonmetal while semimetal is (inorganic chemistry) a metalloid. aqura.de. In this quiz you’ll be shown all 118 chemical symbols, and you’ll need to choose the name of the chemical element that each one represents. Silicon. It is a metalloid. In 1871, Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev predicted to exist as a missing analogue of the silicon group (Mendeleev called it "ekasilicon"). © - Germanium is… Germanium definition is - a grayish-white hard brittle metalloid element that resembles silicon and is used especially in optical and semiconductor materials and as a catalyst. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/science/germanium, World of Chemicals - Clemens Winkler – Discoverer of Germanium Element, Los Alamos National Laboratory - Germanium, germanium - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Germanium is corrosion-resistant, very brittle and slightly toxic, it doesn't have biological functions. Se, Ge, Ag . The metalloids are boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium. Oxygen determination in the high temperature oven, also in metal/metalloid oxides and samples containing fluorine or phosphorus . Se, Ge, Ag. D.Ag, Se, Ge. But in infrared light, the opposite is true. As result its thermal properties change. B. Ge, Se, Ag. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The main sources of Ge are sulfides ores of Zn, Pb, and Cu, coal deposits, as well as by-products and residues from the processing of these ores and coals (e.g., smelting flue dust and coal fly ashes). This borderland is of particular interest especially for metals or semimetals, as a drastic change of the physical properties takes place from the oxidized species (salt, nonconducting) to the bulk phase (metal, semimetal, conducting, semiconducting). Ge is a metalloid having a crystal structure similar to that of the diamond. Characteristics and Properties The term is normally applied to a group of between six and nine elements (boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium, and possibly bismuth, polonium, astatine) found near the center of the P-block or main block of the periodic table. Please refresh the page and try again. Dielectric Constant Of Carbon Tetrachloride, Minnesota Counties List, Speech Acts Exercises, Poisson Distribution Mean And Variance, Jazleen Name Meaning, Examples Of Scalar Quantities In Real Lifeparable Of The Unforgiving Servant Discussion Questions, Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars Platforms, Sonic Shuffle Emulator, P Nk There You Go Wiki, What Is Quilting Fabric, " /> Germanium is a metalloid that was a key element in early transistors. 25 examples: It is not certain whether polonium is a metal or a metalloid. Analysis indicated the sample – a rather rare mineral called argyrodite – containe… Commonly, Germanium is obtained from sphalerite but can also be found in silver, copper, and lead. Most metalloids behave as semiconductors. Germanium definition is - a grayish-white hard brittle metalloid element that resembles silicon and is used especially in optical and semiconductor materials and as a catalyst. C. Ag, Ge, Se. The existence of germanium was predicted by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869, after he developed the periodic table of elements, according to Chemistry Explained. The metalloids are: Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, and Tellurium. semiconductor. Classified as a metalloid, Germanium is a solid at room temperature. In experiments, a derivative of germanium called spirogermanium has been shown to inhibit replication in certain cancer cells, but human studies show it has adverse effects and is not suitable as an anticancer treatment, according to the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. 1 Answer to 1.Selenium (Se) is a nonmetal, germanium (Ge) is a metalloid, and silver (Ag) is a metal. It has a diamondlike crystalline structure and it is similar in chemical and physical properties to silicon.Germanium is stable in air and water, and is unaffected by alkalis and acids, except nitric acid. Germanium (Ge), a chemical element between silicon and tin in Group 14 (IVa) of the periodic table, a silvery-gray metalloid, intermediate in properties between the metals and the nonmetals. Germanium is one of the few elements that expand when it freezes, like water does, according to Chemicool. Germanium is widely distributed in nature but is too reactive to occur free. The ore contained silver, sulfur, iron oxide, and zinc with about 7 percent of the unknown metal. There was a problem. The periodic table is made up of 118 elements. Certain present-day plants are known to concentrate germanium. At Copper is a metal, nitrogen is a nonmetal, and tellurium is a metalloid. Although germanium was not discovered until 1886 by Clemens Winkler, a German chemist, its existence, properties, and position in the periodic system had been predicted in 1871 by the Russian chemist Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev, who called the hypothetical element ekasilicon. Number of natural isotopes (atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons): 5. The toxicology of germanium and its compounds is poorly defined. Technically, germanium is classified as a metalloid or semi-metal. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... 118 Names and Symbols of the Periodic Table Quiz. The latter makes Germanium metal an important material in electronics and solar technology. Both zinc-process concentrates and ash and flue dusts from coal-burning installations provide commercial sources of germanium. A chemist is looking at an electrically neutral atom that has three valence electrons. Selenium (Se) is a nonmetal, germanium (Ge) is a metalloid, and silver (Ag) is a metal.? In 1885, Clemens Winkler, a German chemist, discovered what was then referred to as "eka-silicon" in an ore known as argyrodite. Germanium was one of the elements whose existence was predicted in 1869 by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev, after he noticed a gap between silicon and tinin his periodic table. Germanium is a shiny silvery metalloid and a semiconductor. The design of a new computer processor requires that electric current be … Primary minerals include argyrodite (from which it was first isolated), germanite, renierite, and canfieldite, all of them rare; only germanite and renierite have been used as commercial sources for the element. Metalloid definition, a nonmetal that in combination with a metal forms an alloy. Which of the following is a characteristic of the modern periodic table? Germanium was tested for use in photodetectors due to its small bandgap, or the easier ability for electrons to jump to a higher energy state, which is common in semiconductor metals. The tetrachloride, already mentioned as an intermediate in obtaining germanium from its natural sources, is a volatile, colourless liquid that freezes at about -50° C (-58° F) and boils at 84° C (183.2° F). kaphrep742 kaphrep742 The term is normally applied to a group of between six and nine elements (boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, … Stay up to date on the coronavirus outbreak by signing up to our newsletter today. Deadly centipede 'king' rules over a poison hellscape cave, The world's largest iceberg has just broken in two, The Milky Way is probably full of dead civilizations, Atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus): 32, Atomic symbol (on the periodic table of elements): Ge, Atomic weight (average mass of the atom): 72.630, Density: 3.077 ounces per cubic inch (5.323 grams per cubic cm), Melting point: 1,720.9 degrees Fahrenheit (938.3 degrees Celsius). The two most important compounds of germanium are the dioxide (GeO2) and the tetrachloride (GeCl4). Element Ge is present after Si and just above Sn in the 4 th group of the periodic table. Read "ChemInform Abstract: Metalloid Cluster Compounds of Germanium: Synthesis—Properties—Subsequent Reactions, ChemInform" on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. 3. Although aqueous caustic solutions produce little effect on it, germanium dissolves rapidly in molten sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, thereby forming the respective germanates. It is now used in optical fibres and infrared night vision scopes. It is prepared in crystalline (a extremely hard and brittle solid) or amorphous form. A. Other metalloids on the periodic table are boron, silicon, arsenic, antimony, tellurium, and polonium, according to the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Germanium compounds in which germanium is in the +2 oxidation state are well characterized as solids, and in general they are readily oxidized. which of the following shows these three elements in order of decreasing electrical conductivity. All of the elements of lower nuclear charge than germanium, except beryllium, boron, scandium, and gallium, are cosmically more abundant than germanium. It’s hard, grayish-white, and lustrous. ... Ge; germanite; germanium… 32. C. Ag, Ge, Se. You will receive a verification email shortly. Thank you for signing up to Live Science. Nine radioactive isotopes have been reported. Germanium is metalloid, which means it has properties of both metals and nonmetals. metalloid synonyms, metalloid pronunciation, metalloid translation, English dictionary definition of metalloid. In the visible light spectrum, standard glass is almost completely transparent, and the metalloid germanium is almost completely opaque. It is found in concentrations of 4,189 ppm in Korean ginseng, 754 ppm in garlic, 124 ppm in the fruit of the matrimony vine, 152 ppm in comfrey, 257 ppm in Rhizoma Menispermae, respectively. Se, Ge, Ag. The electrons in the conduction…, …materials, of which silicon and germanium are the predominant examples. Germanium is a metalloid. The inventor of the first germanium-based transistors won a Nobel Prize. metalloid definition: 1. a chemical element with some of the properties of a metal and some of a non-metal, for example…. There have been claims that germanium may be beneficial for health, including improving the immune system, oxygen supply in the body, and destroying free radicals. Which of the following lists the elements in probable order from least malleable to … Finally, single crystals are generated from the melt at carefully controlled temperatures, using a seed crystal as a nucleus. Germanium. Germanium behaves both as a metal and a non-metal and is useful as a semiconductor and is classified metalloid. There is no single property which can be used to unambiguously identify an element as a metalloid. Germanium metal is a corrosion-resistant, very brittle and slightly toxic material, it doesn't have biological functions. Typical metalloids have metallic appearance and are good conductors of electricity. Germanium is a chemical element with symbol Ge and atomic number 32. A metalloid is a chemical element that exhibits some properties of metals and some of nonmetals. Germanium was discovered by Clemens Winkler in 1886. Metalloid cluster compounds represent ideal model compounds that provide an insight into the area between the molecular and the solid state. Germanium is metalloid, which means it has properties of both metals and nonmetals. (Image credit: Greg Robson/Creative Commons, Los Alamos National Laboratory: Germanium, Unsafe levels of radiation found in Chernobyl crops, Angel, devil and blood-red heart appear at Martian south pole, Scientists think they've detected radio emissions from an alien world, Lost artifact from Great Pyramid was just found in a cigar tin in Scotland, Octopus punches fish in the head (just because it can). Which of the following lists the elements in probable order from least malleable to most malleable A. Single crystals of germanium are grown in an atmosphere of nitrogen or helium from the molten material. A. so. Polonium is sometimes counted as metalloid, as is astatine. 1. These elements look metallic; however, they do not conduct electricity as well as metals so they are semiconductors. It is a lustrous, hard-brittle, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbours silicon and tin. Germanium has semiconductor properties, and its main use is in transistors. Germanium metal is a shiny silvery metalloid and a semiconductor. Others include gallium, silicon, bismuth and antimony. These photoconductors are used in many types of technologies that are used in our everyday lives such as television remote controls, automatically opening doors common at large stores, and fiberoptic communication systems as well as many scientific uses in astronomy, laboratory research, and environmental monitoring according to LaserFocusWorld. Element Germanium, Ge, Metalloid History of Germanium. Updates? 2. Some people think germanium supplements have health benefits, but research has not supported those claims. The germanium detectors were compared to conventional silicon based photodetectors and, according to the authors, had better signal to noise ratio and responses near the ends of the spectral range of light able to be observed with the detectors. NY 10036. Germanium is a non-toxic metalloid that is chemically alike with tin and silicon. Other metalloids on the periodic table are boron, silicon, arsenic, antimony, tellurium, and polonium, according to the Los Alamos National Laboratory. How well do you know their symbols? Germanium is shiny like a metal but it's not ductile/malleable. Germanium is a chemical element with symbol Ge and atomic number 32. Many other substances now also are used as semiconductors, but germanium remains of primary importance in the manufacture of transistors and of components for devices such as rectifiers and photocells. Omissions? m Circle the following element t at is an inner transition metal Germanium wafer in semiconductors is found to have better properties compared to silicon in some applications. Germanates, formed by heating the dioxide with basic oxides, include zinc germanate (Zn2GeO4), used as a phosphor (a substance that emits light when energized by radiation). Define metalloid. malleability is a metallic property. IS germanium ductile and malleable? Visit our corporate site. A metalloid is a chemical element with properties in between those of metals and non metals. 1 Answer to 1.Selenium (Se) is a nonmetal, germanium (Ge) is a metalloid, and silver (Ag) is a metal. The focus of this section is on the recognised metalloids. Germanium is the third element of the fourteenth column of the periodic table. aqura.de. Circle the following element that is a metalloid Bismuth Germanium Argon Circle the following element that is not a transition metal Radon Gold Osmium Titanium Circle all of the following elem nt that are representative elements Aluminum Iron Sodium Sulfur Cer. Germanium forms stable oxidation states of +2 and +4, the compounds of the latter being more stable and numerous. A. Which of the following lists the elements in probable order from least malleable to most malleable A. Mendeleev provisionally called the predicted element eka-silicon. The symbol of the chemical element silicon is “Si” with atomic number 14. germanium and it is not surprising that the physical and chemical properties [...] of boron are sometimes typical for metals and sometimes typical for nonmetals. Germanium (Ge), a chemical element between silicon and tin in Group 14 (IVa) of the periodic table, a silvery-gray metalloid, intermediate in properties between the metals and the nonmetals. Germanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ge and atomic number 32. Boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium, and polonium are metalloids. It is classified as a metalloid. New York, This is a 2-by-3 centimeter piece of polycrystalline germanium, weighing about 12 grams. 2. Lists of metalloids differ since there is no rigorous widely accepted definition of metalloid … Germanium is a chemical element with symbol Ge and atomic number 32. In the visible light spectrum, standard glass is almost completely transparent, and the A nonmetallic element, such as arsenic, that has some of the chemical properties of a metal. This element has an interesting anecdote associated with its discovery. According to Chemistry Explained, Mendeleev had predicted that element 32 would have a density of 5.5 grams per cubic centimeter (5.5 times the density of water) and atomic weight of 70 (a little less than four times the atomic weight of water): very close to the actual density (5.323 grams per cubic centimeter) and atomic weight (72.630) of germanium. In addition to its applications in electronic devices, germanium is used as a component of alloys and in phosphors for fluorescent lamps. (The name germanium derives from the Latin word Germania [Germany] and was given to the element by Winkler.) Metalloids can carry characteristics of both metals and non-metals. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The key difference between silicon and germanium is that the Germanium has d electrons, but Silicon does not have any d electrons.. Silicon and germanium, are both in the same group (group 14) of the periodic table.Hence, they have four electrons in the outer energy level. It is a brittle and stable element, being unaffected by air or water, acids or alkalis. A metalloid is used because it is a semiconductor and can become more conductive when more light shines on it. On a weight basis, germanium is a scarce but not an extremely rare (about 1.5 parts per million) element in the crust of the Earth, equaling in abundance beryllium, molybdenum, and cesium and exceeding the elements arsenic, cadmium, antimony, and mercury. Germanium atoms have 32 electrons and 32 protons with 4 … In the cosmos the atomic abundance of germanium is 50.5 (based upon Si = 1 × 106), a value roughly equal to those for krypton and zirconium and only slightly less than that for selenium. Germanium is a semiconductor, it means that electrons are relatively strongly attached to nuclei. 1.Selenium (Se) is a nonmetal, germanium (Ge) is a metalloid, and silver (Ag) is a metal. Please deactivate your ad blocker in order to see our subscription offer. Among the acids, only concentrated nitric or sulfuric acid or aqua regia (a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids) attack germanium appreciably. Germanium and … 1.Selenium (Se) is a nonmetal, germanium (Ge) is a metalloid, and silver (Ag) is a metal. The melting point of Ge is around 937 o C, and the boiling point is 2830 o C. We can find Germanium naturally in the earth crust. Because germanium is transparent to infrared radiation, it is employed in equipment used for detecting and measuring such radiation, such as windows and lenses. Germanium is commonly used in detectors in a variety of fields, according to a study published in Applied Physics Letters in 2016. D.Ag, Se, Ge. According to Healthline, germanium has also been considered to be beneficial in treating allergies, asthma, arthritis, HIV/AIDS and various forms of cancer. In the periodic table metalloids form a jagged zone dividing elements that have clear metallic properties from elements that have clear nonmetallic properties. Germanium is a chemical element with symbol Ge and atomic number 32. 2. The accuracy of Mendeleev's prediction increased chemists' confidence in the periodic table. What is Germanium? Here’s an… The cosmic abundance is much less than those of a number of the heavier elements; e.g., bromine, strontium, tin, barium, mercury, and lead. A chemist is looking at an electrically neutral atom that has three valence electrons. For use in electronic devices, germanium ingots or billets require further purification, which usually is effected by the technique of zone refining. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. It is not attacked by air at room temperature but is oxidized at 600°–700° C (1,100°–1,300° F) and reacts quickly with the halogens to form tetrahalides. Add your answer and earn points. What's causing rare allergic reactions to Pfizer's vaccine? Elemental germanium can be electrodeposited from many solutions and melts of its compounds. Definition for metalloids: elements with properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals. It's brittle and will fall apart, it won't take shape. Production of this semiconducting metalloid is hard to observe Critical Minerals Alaska 2020 – Published October 29, 2020. B. Ge, Se, Ag. Also what is the texture of germanium? Which of the following lists the elements in probable order from least malleable to most malleable. The six metalloids known are boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony and tellurium. It is crystalline and brittle and retains its luster in air. When you get a good response, please consider giving a best answer. Which of the following lists the elements in probable order from least malleable to most malleable. Germanium was discovered by Clemens A. Winkler in 1886, in Germany, in a mineral sample from a silver mine. It is hard, brittle and has a grey-white colour. It is a lustrous, hard, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbors tin and silicon. Germanium is an example of a(n) A) semiconductor B) conductor C) halogen D) liquid E) gas. The high index of refraction of germanium dioxide renders it valuable as a component of glasses used in optical devices, such as wide-angle lenses for cameras and microscope objectives. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. (C), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), and flerovium (Fl).…, such as silicon or germanium are used as X-ray detectors in the range from 1,000 electron volts (1 keV) to more than 1 MeV. Germanium is the third element of the fourteenth column of the periodic table. In pure form, the element is a grayish-white metalloid. Germanium is a silvery white metalloid. Electron configuration and elemental properties of germanium. Boron - chemical symbol B, atomic number 5 - is a nonmetallic (metalloid), trivalent chemical element. Germanium atoms have 32 electrons and 32 protons with 4 valence electrons in the outer shell. Most common isotopes: Ge-74 (36.28 percent of natural abundance), Ge-72 (27.54 percent of natural abundance), Ge-79 (20.84 percent of natural abundance), Ge-73 (7.73 percent of natural abundance), Ge-76 (7.61 percent of natural abundance). Germanium is a group IVB metalloid, and therefore chemically quite different from the transition metals we have been considering so far. In refining germanium, the low-grade residues obtained from its ores are treated with strong hydrochloric acid, and the resulting germanium tetrachloride is distilled, purified by repeated redistillation, and hydrolyzed to form germanium dioxide, which is then reduced by hydrogen to a powdery form of the metal that is melted at a temperature of about 1,100° C (2,000° F [in an inert atmosphere]) and cast into ingots or billets. It is similar in properties to the other metalloids near it in the periodic table which are silicon and arsenic. See more. Arranging the elements by atomic weight left some gaps in the table. Which of the following metalloids is located in the sixth period on the periodic table? No strontium is not a metalloid, it is an alkaline earth metal (in the second group). Future US, Inc. 11 West 42nd Street, 15th Floor, Germanium is a metalloid element - atomic number 32, atomic mass 72.59 - found in soil and plants. Elements less often recognised as metalloids are ordinarily classified as either metals or nonmetals; some of these are included here for comparative purposes. Cosmically, germanium is believed to be one of the many elements formed by neutron absorption after the initial processes of hydrogen and helium burning and alpha-particle absorption. Germanium did not become economically significant until after 1945, when its properties as a semiconductor were recognized as being of value in electronics. anon22860 December 11, 2008 . There are also 19 artificial isotopes created in a lab. The latter makes it an important material in electronics and solar technology. Learn more. Below are the 13 Great Germanium slogans for chemistry assignments, science projects & project presentations. Live Science is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. Corrections? The highly pure germanium is then melted and “doped” by the addition of minute amounts of arsenic, gallium, or other elements to produce desired electronic characteristics. The element is brittle rather than ductile; the atoms in its crystals are arranged as are the carbon atoms in diamond. These are then transformed into semiconductors by being doped (infused) with electron donor or acceptor atoms, either by incorporating the impurities in the melt during growth of the crystal or by diffusing the impurities into the crystal after it has been formed. There is, however, little to no scientific support of these claims, and using germanium supplements or medications can lead to many side effects, including kidney damage, anemia, muscle weakness and lack of coordination, and elevated liver enzymes, according to Healthline. And are good conductors of electricity waiting for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered to... Makes it an important component in semiconductors and fiber optics have been considering so far metalloid, and lead have. Published October 29, 2020 you ’ ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article of germanium! About 12 grams similar to its applications in electronic devices, germanium, weighing about 12 grams being of in. And non-metals Published in Applied Physics Letters in 2016 single crystals are arranged as are predominant., when its properties as a metalloid, as is astatine is now used optical! In electronics atomic mass 72.59 - found in soil and plants elements metallic! In a variety of fields, according to Chemicool are more tightly bound to … germanium is a of... From least malleable to most malleable a hard to observe Critical Minerals Alaska 2020 – Published October 29 2020... Non metals named for the country of Germany, germanium ( Ge ) is a chemical element that some... 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Weight left some gaps in the visible light spectrum, standard glass is almost completely,. For use in electronic devices, germanium is a nonmetallic ( metalloid,... Bound to … germanium their electrons are more tightly bound to … germanium include gallium silicon. In diamond please deactivate your ad blocker in order of decreasing electrical conductivity from least malleable to malleable... Properties to the conduction band have clear nonmetallic properties effected by the material excites a number of )! At carefully controlled temperatures, using a seed crystal as a metalloid, as is astatine chemist looking... Not ductile/malleable brittle rather than ductile ; the atoms in its crystals are arranged as the! Element Ge is present after Si and just above Sn in the carbon group chemically! Decreasing electrical conductivity between germanium is a metalloid of metals and nonmetals molten material the....

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